Response disturbances of HRV to Task were observed in both disorders, and would suggest the presence of CFS when the baseline HRV has not been reduced. HF reduction was found in CFS, but with a lesser severity. The results indicate that an overall HRV reduction at Rest may support a diagnosis of MDD. Attenuated responses of LF, HF, LF+HF, and LF/HF to task load and an excessive increase in HF at After were found in both disorders. LF and LF+HF at Rest were low only in MDD. It was found that HF was low at Rest in both disorders, but was lower in MDD than in CFS. Frequency-domain HRV indices, including high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components, their sum (LF+HF), and their ratio (LF/HF), were measured in a three-behavioral-state paradigm composed of initial rest (Rest), task load (Task), and post-task rest (After) periods to examine autonomic regulation. The present study aimed to assess the usefulness of heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have overlapping symptoms, and differentiation is important to administer the proper treatment. 10 Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.8 Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-0051, Japan.7 School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan.6 Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.5 Department of Medical Science on Fatigue, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.4 Fatigue Science Laboratory Inc., Osaka 532-0011, Japan.3 Autonomic Nervous System Consulting, Shizuoka 420-0839, Japan.2 Research Division, Saiseikai Research Institute of Health Care and Welfare, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan. 1 Department of Psychiatry, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka 422-8527, Japan.
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